Egypts Economic Structure

Abstract This memo explores the economic structure of Egypt and its composition. It also highlights the major economic sectors and their contribution to the Gross Domestic Product. Over and above, the memo gives figures of the macro-economic indicators in the recent years. Finally, the memo touches on the composition of Egypt’s imports and its trading volumes with the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Egypt’s Economic Structure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Egypt is a Muslim country found in the Horn of Africa. It is largely a semi-arid country though it is endowed with some very precious natural resources including oil and gold. Over the past few years, Egypt has been enjoying relatively stable economy with economic growth rate ranging between 4% and 5%. Despite the recent political upheavals, Egypt’s economic structure remained relatively unshaken. Due to the strong manufact uring and service sector coupled with good government policies, Egypt’s economy is among the best performing in Africa and the Middle East. Egypt is a mixed economy with both the private and public sectors playing significant roles in the development of the economy. Initially, agriculture constituted the largest sector in the economy of Egypt. Almost 90% of the country’s labor force was working in the agricultural sector until late 1960s. However, in the 1970s the significance of agricultural sector in the economy of Egypt decreased drastically despite efforts that were directed at reviving the sector. In the year 2010 agricultural sector contributed a mere 13.1% to the Gross domestic product (GDP) compared to 87% in the 1960s (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). This has been attributed to the rapid expansion of the industrial sector, and the fact that less attention was paid to the sector by the government. It should be noted that though Egypt has fertile soils, it lacks enoug h rainfall which makes the agricultural sector highly dependent on irrigation. Water for irrigation is harnesses from the rivers that have their sources in different countries, mostly Eastern Africa Countries. On the same note, the soils are highly saline which limits the quantities of agricultural produce. Egypt has highly invested in irrigation majorly the production of cotton for a very long time now. In addition to cotton, Egypt also produces wheat, fruits, vegetables, rice, sugarcane and corn (Al-Din El-Din, 2008). The agricultural sector is highly regulated and the government ensures that water for irrigation is used effectively. In addition, the government has the role of ensuring that food crops are also incorporated in irrigation schemes. Similarly, due to reforms that have been instituted by the government, disparity between local and international prices has been reduced.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the industrial sector plays a very crucial role in the modern Egypt. It should be noted that the industrial sector is very vital in Egypt and employs around 17% of the total workforce according to 2010 statistics (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). To begin with, availability of oil has highly helped Egypt to build many industries which are employing a lot of people compared to the agricultural sector of the economy. Egypt manufactures automobiles which it exports to various countries both in Africa and the Arabic world. The sector has been growing steadily and has attracted foreign investors who partner with local firms thus increasing production. On the same note, Egypt is among the largest producers of chemicals and fertilizers in the Middle East (Ahmed, 2001). Chemical production can be traced back to the 1970s, and has continued to grow significantly since that time. Apart from the chemical and automobile manufacturing, Egypt has steel, electronic and domestic appliances industries, oil extraction and refinery factories as well as building and construction. The contribution of the industrial sector to the economy has also been increasing since the 1980s being 37% in 2010 (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). On the other hand, the service sector has grown to be the highest contributor to the gross domestic product in recent years. Egypt has numerous tourism attraction sites which include the historical sites and good beaches that are well maintained earning the country a substantial income. On the same note, the banking sector has also advanced due to liberations that were instituted by the government which modernized the banking system. Communication and information technology are also well advanced. Averagely the service sector contributes more than 48% to the national economy and employs slightly more than half of the total work force (Farah, 2009). Egypt has a vibrant economy which is growing rapidly at around 5.3% per annum as per the statistics of 2011 (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). Additionally, the country has a huge population which was 78.238 million in 2010 and is growing at a significant rate making the country’s market capacity continue to expand (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Egypt’s Economic Structure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the country is struggling with high rates of unemployment which stood at 9.7% before the political uprising. However, this figure rose to around 11.9% due to the political instability that was caused by the uprising (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). Like most countries, Egypt’s economy is operating on a current account deficit. In 2010 it had a revenue collection of $46.82 billion with a fiscal expenditure amounting to $64.19 billion yielding a budget deficit of $17.37 billion (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). On the investments front, Eg ypt has one of the most dominant security markets in the North African region. In 2003 the Egyptian government increased its interest rates to counter the problem of foreign currency deficits. Unfortunately, private investment shrank warranting the introduction of a radical fiscal policy, and the government instituted pay cuts by nearly half. In order to increase the disposable income of people and spur investment, a new tax law was rolled out in 2005 reducing the tax rate on income from 40% to 20% (Farah, 2009). In a nutshell, Egypt has made amendments in its laws in a bid to comply with international standards of doing business. By and large, this has made Foreign Direct investments conducive in Egypt enabling multi-national companies tap into the ever growing market in North Africa. Egypt trades heavily with foreign countries, the United States being one of them. Foodstuff is one of the major imports of Egypt together with machinery, chemicals, wood products and fuels. Due to the fact that Egypt is a semi arid area coupled with the tendency of concentrating on cash crops by many irrigation schemes, a number of foodstuff are imported. Currently, the United States of America is the largest trading partner of Egypt. The largest quantity of wheat and corn imports into Egypt comes from the United States. On the same note, Egypt also exports petroleum products, cotton and textile among other goods to the US. In the year 2009, the United States purchased 7.95% of Egypt’s exports while 9.92% of Egypt’s imports came from the US (Al-Din El-Din, 2008). Besides other commodities, Egypt imports most of its agricultural commodities due to the limitations on the volume of agricultural production. In this regard, milk and dairy products are also imported given that the local industry cannot produce enough milk to satisfy the entire population. Given the rate at which population is increasing, Egypt will require even higher quantities of dairy products. Curre ntly, Egypt imports up to 900,000 tons of milk from different countries (Sriramesh Vercic, 2012). Arguably, despite the civil unrest that engulfed countries within the Middle East and its borders, Egypt is a country with fairly sound macro-economical policies that promote trade and investment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, with surpluses that multi-national companies make, it has become increasingly important for firms to tap into foreign markets so as to increase their profit margins. In this regard, Egypt offers a very lucrative market for would be investors because it boasts good infrastructural support, an active service sector and a receptive consumer base. References Ahmed, A. U. (2001). The Egypt Food Subsidy System: Structure, Performance, and Options for Reform. Washington: International Food Policy Research Institution. Al-Din, H. K., El-Din, H. K. (2008). The Egyptian Economy: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. Farah, N. R. (2009). Egypt’s Political Economy: Power Relations in Development. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press. Sriramesh, K., Vercic, D. (2012). The Global Public Relations Handbook, Revised Edition. New York: Taylor and Francis. This essay on Egypt’s Economic Structure was written and submitted by user Kareem Dunn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Summary of Nike Stock Essays

Summary of Nike Stock Essays Summary of Nike Stock Essay Summary of Nike Stock Essay Nike, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing and selling of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. Now, it is the one of the most popular in the businesses in the world, most of people will choose Nike for their first chose. The date that the Nikes stock went public is December 2nd, 1980. Our group has recorded the stock information by 30 days (Form Oct 20th to Nov 20th). In this period, we discovered that there were factor can affect the price of Nicks stock. For example, from October 7th to 9th, the stock researched the really high point which is $70. 28 to $73. 44 because American government shouted down and they may dont need to pay the tax for the staff. The Nikes revenue grows by products sale and cheap workers in Asia. Form Sep 4th to Sep 1 5th, the stock has fallen 9. 1% in mid-morning trading which is their biggest drop since September 2001. In the period that we has recorded, the stock went up approximately. We think Nikes Stock is the stock that can make people to earn money. Our stock Calculator shows us: if a person invested $ 10, 00 of stock on that opening day, the worth will be $160,540. 40 today. The dividend of a stock also should be taken into account when people is measuring the value of Nikes stock. A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, it can either re-invest it in the business or it can distribute it to shareholders. Our group thinks Nike is offering a good amount on these items. Nike uses a good way to get what they want and also a good choice. Nike sales many kinds f sports items. For the comparison between Nike and other known publically traded companies, Nike incorporated is a multi-billion dollar corporation that started from two entrepreneurs taking advantage of changes of culture and life styles in modern society. It is increase by 8 percent to $7. 0 billion. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates did not have a significant impact on total reported revenue growth. Board of directors is also very important for our research. The main purpose of Nike director is identifying individuals qualified to become Board members. The Committee members will meet the applicable independence requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Listed Company Manual, and any other legal requirements applicable to Committee members. The requirement of a board members criteria independence is experience, education and knowledge and individual characters. Over 40 years after that handshake Nike maintains the very same integrity fundamental to their commitment to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world. Nikes Code of Business Conduct Ethics, Inside the Lines, is a reflection of that commitment and serves to formalize the principles nder which we operate. Corporate officers are Philip Hampson who is an American business magnate and philanthropist. nd William Jay who was an American track and field coach and co-founder of Nike, Inc. Nike, the company has nearly 100 Employees engaged in research and development Work, he launched the puffs sub sole program, so Nike The companys sales by the 1972 In 200 million increase To 1976 1400 $ 30 million. In our conclusion, Nikes stock is a good stock to invest. Its a stock that has a lot of room to grow, and their products are much better than the compe titors.

Arthur Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes

Arthur Conan Doyle and Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) created one of the worlds most famous characters, Sherlock Holmes. But in some ways, the Scottish-born author felt trapped by the runaway popularity of the fictional detective. Over the course of a long writing career, Conan Doyle wrote other stories and books he believed to be superior to the tales and novels about Holmes. But the great detective turned into a sensation on both sides of the Atlantic, with the reading public clamoring for more plots involving Holmes, his sidekick Watson, and the deductive method. As a result Conan Doyle, offered great sums of money by publishers, felt compelled to keep turning out stories about the great detective. Fast Facts: Arthur Conan Doyle Known For: British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes.  Born: May 22, 1859Died: July 7, 1930Published Works: More than 50 titles featuring Sherlock Holmes, The Lost WorldSpouse(s): Louisa Hawkins (m.  1885; died  1906), Jean Leckie (m.  1907)Children: Mary Louise, Arthur Alleyne Kingsley, Denis Percy Stewart, Adrian Malcolm, Jean Lena AnnetteNotable Quote: When the impossible has been eliminated, all that remains no matter how improbable is possible. Early Life of Arthur Conan Doyle Arthur Conan Doyle was born May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. The familys roots were in Ireland, which Arthurs father had left as a young man. The family surname had been Doyle, but as an adult Arthur preferred to use Conan Doyle as his surname. Growing up as an avid reader, young Arthur, a Roman Catholic, attended Jesuit schools and a Jesuit university. He attended medical school at Edinburgh University where he met a professor and surgeon, Dr. Joseph Bell, who was a model for Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle noticed how Dr. Bell was able to determine a great many facts about patients by asking seemingly simple questions, and the author later wrote about how Bells manner had inspired the fictional detective. Medical Career In the late 1870s, Conan Doyle began writing magazine stories, and while pursuing his medical studies he had a yearning for adventure. At the age of 20, in 1880, he signed on to be the ships surgeon of a whaling vessel headed to Antarctica. After a seven-month voyage, he returned to Edinburgh, finished his medical studies, and began the practice of medicine. Conan Doyle continued to pursue writing and published in various London literary magazines throughout the 1880s. Influenced by a character of Edgar Allan Poe, the French detective M. Dupin, Conan Doyle wished to create his own detective character. Sherlock Holmes The character of Sherlock Holmes first appeared in a story, A Study in Scarlet, which Conan Doyle published at the end of 1887 in a magazine, Beetons Christmas Annual. It was reprinted as a book in 1888. At the same time, Conan Doyle was conducting research for a historical novel, Micah Clarke, which was set in the 17th century. He seemed to consider that his serious work, and the Sherlock Holmes character merely a challenging diversion to see if he could write a convincing detective story. At some point, it occurred to Conan Doyle that the growing British magazine market was the perfect place to try an experiment in which a recurring character would turn up in new stories. He approached The Strand magazine with his idea, and in 1891 he began publishing new Sherlock Holmes stories. The magazine stories became an enormous hit in England. The character of the detective who uses reasoning became a sensation. And the reading public eagerly awaited his newest adventures. Illustrations for the stories were drawn by an artist, Sidney Paget, who actually added much to the publics conception of the character. It was Paget who drew Holmes wearing a deerstalker cap and a cape, details not mentioned in the original stories. Arthur Conan Doyle Became Famous With the success of the Holmes stories in The Strand magazine, Conan Doyle was suddenly an extremely famous writer. The magazine wanted more stories. But as the author didnt want to be overly associated with the now-famous detective, he demanded an outrageous sum of money. Expecting to be relieved of the obligation to write more stories, Conan Doyle asked for 50 pounds per story. He was stunned when the magazine accepted, and he went on to keep writing about Sherlock Holmes. While the public was crazy for Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle devised a way to be finished with writing the stories. He killed off the character by having him, and his nemesis Professor Moriarity, die while going over Reichenbach Falls in Switzerland. Conan Doyles own mother, when told of the planned story, begged her son not to finish off Sherlock Holmes. When the story in which Holmes died was published in December 1893, the British reading public was outraged. More than 20,000 people canceled their magazine subscriptions. And in London, it was reported that businessmen wore mourning crepe on their top hats. Sherlock Holmes Was Revived Arthur Conan Doyle, freed from Sherlock Holmes, wrote other stories and invented a character named Etienne Gerard, a soldier in Napoleons army. The Gerard stories were popular, but not nearly as popular as Sherlock Holmes. In 1897 Conan Doyle wrote a play about Holmes, and an actor, William Gillette, became a sensation playing the detective on Broadway in New York City. Gillette added another facet to the character, the famous meerschaum pipe. A novel about Holmes, The Hound of the Baskervilles, was serialized in The Strand in 1901-02. Conan Doyle got around the death of Holmes by setting the story five years before his demise. However, the demand for Holmes stories was so great that Conan Doyle essentially brought the great detective back to life by explaining that no one had actually seen Holmes go over the falls. The public, happy to have new tales, accepted the explanation. Arthur Conan Doyle wrote about Sherlock Holmes until the 1920s. In 1912 he published an adventure novel, The Lost World, about characters who find dinosaurs still living in a remote area of South America. The story of The Lost World has been adapted for film and television a number of times, and also served as an inspiration for such films as King Kong and Jurassic Park. Conan Doyle served as a doctor in a military hospital in South Africa during the Boer War in 1900 and wrote a book defending Britains actions in the war. For his services he was knighted in 1902, becoming Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The author died on July 7, 1930. His death was newsworthy enough to be reported on the front page of the next days New York Times. A headline referred to him as Spiritist, Novelist, and Creator of Famous Fiction Detective. As Conan Doyle believed in an afterlife, his family said they were awaiting a message from him after death. The character of Sherlock Holmes, of course, lives on and appears in films right up to the present day.

Sonoma State University Admissions Information

Sonoma State University Admissions Information Accepted students at Sonoma State University generally have C averages or better in their high school coursework. Applicants will need to submit, along with high school transcripts, scores from the SAT or ACT. With an acceptance rate of 76  percent, the school is largely accessible, and applicants with solid grades and test scores within or above the ranges posted below have a good chance of being accepted. Be sure to visit Sonoma States website for more information, and to start an application. Calculate your chances of getting in  with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Sonoma State University Acceptance Rate: 76  percentSonoma State GPA, SAT and ACT Score GraphTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 440 / 540SAT Math: 440 / 540​What these SAT numbers meanCompare Cal State SAT ScoresACT Composite: 19  / 24ACT English: 18 / 24ACT Math: 18  / 24What these ACT numbers meanCompare Cal State ACT Scores Sonoma State Description Sonoma State Universitys 269-acre campus is located 50 miles north of San Francisco in some of Californias best wine country. The school owns two nature preserves that provide research opportunities for students in the natural sciences. Sonoma States schools of Arts and Humanities, Business and Economics, and Social Sciences are all extremely popular among undergraduates. The university offers 45 bachelors degree programs and 16 masters programs. In athletics, the Sonoma State Seawolves compete in the NCAA Division II  California Collegiate Athletic Association. Sonoma State is one of the  23 Cal State schools. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 9,323  (8,631 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 37  percent male / 63 percent female90 percent full-time Costs (2016 -17) Tuition and Fees: $7,388 (in-state); $18,548 (out-of-state)Books: $1,790 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,146Other Expenses: $2,854Total Cost: $25,178 (in-state); $36,338 (out-of-state) Sonoma State Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 72  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 62 percentLoans: 46  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,430Loans: $5,717 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice Studies, English, Environmental Studies, Health and Physical Education, History, Liberal Arts and Sciences, Psychology, Sociology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 80  percentTransfer Out Rate: 6 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 28 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 61  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Basketball, Golf, Baseball, Tennis, SoccerWomens Sports:  Basketball, Softball, Soccer, Golf, Volleyball, Water Polo, Track and Field Admissions Profiles for Other Cal State Campuses Bakersfield  | Channel Islands  | Chico  | Dominquez Hills  | East Bay  | Fresno State  | Fullerton  | Humboldt  | Long Beach  | Los Angeles  | Maritime  | Monterey Bay  | Northridge  | Pomona (Cal Poly)  | Sacramento  | San Bernardino  | San Diego  | San Francisco  | San Jose State  | San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly)  | San Marcos  | Sonoma State  | Stanislaus More California Public University Information SAT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsACT Score Comparison for Cal State SchoolsThe University of California SystemSAT Score Comparison for the UC SystemACT Score Comparison for the UC System Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Project management 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Project management 2 - Essay Example The house stands on a 3000 square feet plot. Approximately 1500 square feet area will be used for building space. The house will have two storeys and an elaborate garage capable of housing two huge SUV's. It will be surrounded by a huge garden with fountains and fences. The project is named Lovely Palace and is indicated by the name LP throughout the process. Memphis construction is a huge company handling several such projects. They work on several housing projects at a time and there are specific teams to take care of each process in the project. The researcher is the team leader for the project LP. 6 teams work under him to complete the assigned tasks on time. A detailed Gantt chart is drawn assigning various tasks and sub tasks to these teams and 3 team leaders are supposed to report to the project leader at specific time intervals. Gantt chart There are several tools designed to help planning a project in a step by step manner. Many advanced tools help in scheduling the project hour wise. The minimum or maximum time necessary to complete the project can be calculated using them. The planning and scheduling process is simplified beyond belief in the modern days through such tools. Gantt chart is one such tool used to represent the progress of a project in a graphical way. It is similar to a bar chart, but gives a much detailed view of the project with exact time schedules. It can be created using Microsoft Excel or Microsoft Project. The main advantage of using Gantt chart is its capability to break the project into tasks and subtasks. This paves way for better management of the project. Colours used in the Gantt Charts In the attached Gantt chart all the tasks are represented through a black bar and the sub tasks are represented through a blue bar. The time frame for each task, sub task and which team the task is assigned is mentioned in the chart clearly. One look at the graphical Gantt chart will help us determine the progress of the project time wise an d budget wise. The time for parallel processes, the minor delays in the projects as well as the total budget can be determined easily using this Gantt chart. Memphis Construction has skilled employees working in the consulting and planning department capable of creating a multifaceted Gantt chart which is easily amendable. They create it after detailed discussion with various team leaders and present the final draft to the LP project head. Each member involved in the project has a copy of their assigned tasks and its time frame. They are requested to stick strictly to the schedule and report to their respective team leaders regarding the progress or delay in the work at the end of each day. Project development Stages Stage 1: Finalizing the plan Memphis Construction Company assigns the project to the project head in this case the researcher, once a customer approaches the company for a plan. The work starts from the day the customer agrees to work with them. The engineers and design ers in the company draw a plan based on the customer’s specification. The initial consultation for the customer is free. Once the architect team presents the plan, the customer can fix any number of sittings with them and get it modified according to their necessity. Each sitting costs around $90 per

Gym Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gym - Assignment Example As a function of this level of similarity, the following analysis will be concentric upon discussing and analyzing what uniformity of social constructs and/or identity formation is able to take place within these respective spaces. Is the further hope of this author that through such analysis the reader will come to a more informed and profound understanding with respect to the way in which identity formation and social constructs are encouraged and denoted within the average local gym. As such, the analysis will be concentric upon how features are responsible for shaping the social or hierarchical nature of this space, the subtle, implicit, and explicit means through which this social dynamic is encouraged, and the uniformity as compared to the utilitarian purpose that the gym necessarily espouses. Firstly, before delving into the unique dynamics of any particular gym, it must be understood and denoted that individuals utilize a gym for one of two unique reasons. The first reason an d rationale that an individual takes use of their local gym is with regards to the fact that this space is a means to an end as a function of increasing vitality, improving overall well-being, and generally seeking to provide a level of fitness and exercise to the body. Secondary group that integrates with the gym is one that can be categorized as utilizing this particular space for the sole purpose of aspect improvement. Whereas aesthetic improvement can most certainly be seen as a tangential benefit for the first group, the prime focus of the second group is to engage with this space as a function of drawing attention to their own bodies and maximizing certain features that they had targeted for improvement. The subtle differentiation between these two groups, although somewhat mundane, is ineffective measurement of how each and every gym is ultimately set up. The underlying rationale for this has to do with the purpose for which both of these groups engage with the service that t he gym provides. As such, prior to delving into the way in which a gym is able to speak to the needs of all of its participants, understanding the way in which these two dynamic groups exists in a contemporary setting is pivotal in understanding the manner through which social hierarchy, identity, and understanding of self is evidenced within this particular space. From such an understanding, the first aspect of social hierarchy that can be determined is concentric upon the way in which those individuals within the first group integrate with one another and with other gym goers. As such, even a cursory analysis into any generic gym will revealed the fact that those individuals who utilize the gym as a means of aerobic enhancement, self betterment, and vitality improvement, are most always place in positions throughout the gym in which they do not face one another. This lack of contact with fellow gym goers allows these individuals to focus specifically on the goal of betterment that they have without the pressure of others judging them, staring at them, or analyzing their progress. As such, machines such as stair steppers, treadmills, rowing devices, crossfit machines, and a litany of other machines are spaced strategically in rows that face the wall, a set of televisions, or

Choose from Prompt 1 or Prompt 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Choose from Prompt 1 or Prompt 2 - Essay Example The New York Times was formerly known as New York Daily Times, and was later changed to New York Times. The newspaper’s popularity grew when it first published an article that exposed William Magear, the tweed leader of the city democratic party that brought about the end of the tweed ring in the New York City hall. At the beginning it published news and articles from Monday-Saturday, but later joined other dailies adding a Sunday edition. Since the newspaper started being published, it has expanded its structure and organization adding special weekly articles, regular news, editorials, sports and features. Currently, it is divided into different sections; these are news, editorials, business, sports of the times, science, style, home, and other unique features.It covers issues relating to politics, social issues, relationships, love and war like the political persuasions, Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Iraq war. Because of its constantly declining rates in sales that were attributed to the rise of alternative media and social media, the newspaper has over the years experienced downsizing, hence offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses. Despite its credibility in the world, The New York Times has had discriminatory practices that restricted women in the editorial positions. In Februar y 2013, the New York Times stopped giving a lifelong position for the journalists and editors. The New York Times targets the young generation, that is mostly people less than 30 years of age. Approximately over half of them are college graduates and about a quarter are high income earners.. The newspaper magazine directs its content towards people who are well-educated, literate, who are in professional jobs. The New York Times new entry level aims at the young people, who are a more internet young audience. Another new edition is The New York Times Juniors edition, which targets the very young generation and college

PGCE Unit 1 professional practice ( A reflective journal ) Essay

PGCE Unit 1 professional practice ( A reflective journal ) - Essay Example In further elaboration of the motivation phenomenon, Atherton (2004) defines it as "either intrinsic/expressive (doing something for its own sake) or extrinsic/instrumental (doing something for some other reason)." Contrary to Petty’s (1993) presentation, Atherton (2004) emphasises that motivation is not an indivisible whole but is comprised of two distinct forms. While Pettys (1993) assertion is largely true, he oversimplifies the complex phenomenon of motivation, in which instance one need turn to Atherton (2004) for a more accurate understanding of the mentioned. In further elaboration of the stated, while Petty has correctly identified the centrality of motivation to effective learning, he incorrectly identifies teachers as the primary instigators of motivation. In essence, Petty (1993:32) lays much, if not all, of the responsibility for the generation of motivation upon teachers whereby he defines this particular task as the "greatest challenge that many teachers face." This is an oversimplification of the phenomenon of motivation, implying that motivation is essentially extrinsic whereby, as noted by Atherton (2004) it is both intrinsic and extrinsic. A teacher, through the enthusiasm with which he/she approaches the information communication responsibility, can similarly enthuse learners and, through the creation of a positive learning environment, characterized by encouragement and trust, can enhance the confidence levels of individual learners, thereby injecting them with the motivation to learn. However, as may be observed, a teachers motivation-elevation capacities are limited to the extrinsic, while effective learning is predicated on the presence of requisite minimal levels of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Petty does not admit to the explicated differentiation, rendering his observation only partially accurate. As language, literacy and numeracy skills vary

Analyzing the Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analyzing the Market - Research Paper Example The paper concentrates more on factors that influence demand and supply, discusses the price elasticity of demand that produces a kinked demand curve in the oligopolistic airline’s service competition, and the point of equilibrium. It also describes the benefits of the intellectual property (patents and trademarks), and how it protects the owning airlines in their operations. It finally includes the input factors used in generating airline services. Keywords: Passengers, Airline, Flight, Demand Supply, Price Elasticity, Oligopoly, Product Differentiation, Trademark, Patent, Pricing Strategy, Competition, Market Introduction The success or failure of airline services depends most critically, with the established efforts to attract and retain customers to their services. Several airlines have failed before, some able to rise up again, others still struggle to cover losses while most of them end up merging with other well performing airlines. The entry into the airlines business is not only difficult in a field considered to be an oligopoly market, but maintaining and thriving while in competition with large airlines is quite a challenge. Providing airline services require a keen and clear strategy in management and operational activities, to facilitate the services required by the passengers in time. It is therefore a core factor that any airline should build good relationships with their customers as a marketing strategy, so that their future long term profitability can be safeguarded, by retaining more customers and influencing the choice of most undecided passengers in the market. The airline’s reputation, ticket prices, safety record, possible delay times, and services provided (ranging from different travel classes and the associated beneficial facilities, services by the cabin crew) among others, influence the customer preference or satisfaction with an airline, and generally its performance in the market. Airline’s Services Market Comp etition Competition in the airline industry is very high and sensitive, such that with the high fixed costs in their operation, the profit margins are usually low. However, the competition and profit margins may vary with the small changes brought about by the sizes of the airlines, the capacity of the aircrafts, the routes served by airlines, means of customer attraction (such as the in flight services) and discounted fares, which make it possible for some airlines and their services to have a competitive advantage over the others. According to Papatheodorus, the modern airline services competition arises from the differentiation or the best cost provider strategy, while considering the marketing initiatives and the economic advantage, to ensure they consistently provide the service in the market place (2006). Airlines both large and small, whether providing long haul and short haul services struggle to retain and add a market share. Large airlines may compete against others throug h its popularity, and if it has a good safety record, or high quality services, it makes it worse for its smaller rival companies. Most of the times, competing airlines have used generic strategies to achieve their fair share in the market. Differentiation has been a major factor among airlines, as

What internal and external sources are Essay Example for Free

What internal and external sources are Essay Introduction In this piece of coursework I will be describing what internal and external sources are. I will then state which finance source Asda are most likely to use and why. Internal sources Internal sources of finance can be either from a businesses owners own saving or from the profit the business makes. Owners fund The owner of a business might have to use there own savings to start there own business, especially if they are a new sole trader. This is a person who owns and runs the business at the same time. The reason why their owners might have to start of by using their savings is partially because banks are not willing to take any risks and invest someone quickly. Retained profit Retained profit is when the money that is saved goes back to the business in order for it to grow and get even bigger. When a business makes a profit, the owners have a choice: either take out it the profit from the business by way of dividend, or reinvest it by leaving profits in the business. Selling assets Selling assets is any item that is owned by an individual or business, especially that which could be converted to cash. Examples are cash, securities, accounts receivable, inventory, office equipment, real estate, a car, and other property. External sources External sources of finance can be funded to help the business. They get help from a number of different external sources. Government grants A grant is money that the government give to an entrepreneur that does not have to be paid back. The amount the government gives to the entrepreneur depends on where it is coming from. Grants help businesses when they most need the money. Hiring/Leasing assets Businesses often lease property machinery and vehicles (assets) for a short period of time. When businesses lease there property they make good money for it. The people that buy these for leasing/hiring pay for them and use them but do not own them. Hire purchase Hire purchase means that resources can be used by the business while they are being paid for by a finance company. However, when the last payment is made the goods are not owned by the business anymore. Issuing shares Issuing shares is a very good way for companies/businesses to raise finance. Small business will issue shares when they are transferring from sole trader or partnership to become limited, LTD. Limited companies are then able to sell shares. However, sometimes PLCs businesses will be able to have a new share issue and if they choose to invest a project they can. Venture capital These are people who invest in new things and usually return for a share of the owner ship. Venture capitalists provide money when banks have refused. Bank loans All banks offer loans. A loan is the same as a grant but with a loan you would have to pay the money back to the bank. So it is like borrowing, the bank will give your business a certain amount of money and you will have to pay the bank back. If this does not happen then your business can lose a lot of money and go down. Sources which Asda are most likely to use Owners funds are used in Asda. The manager would come to a point where he or she would have to use their own money for the business. The manager would be able to use there savings if the bank are not willing to take any risks. This way Asda can buy the things they need with the managers money such as equipment or technology. Retained profit is when the money that is saved goes back to the business in order for it to grow and get even bigger. When Asda make profit the manager would either take out the profit from the business and spend it within themselves or use the profit to buy things for the business for example equipment. Bank loans give Asda loans so that Asda can use the money on equipment, transport, pay there staff, training etc. Loans must be paid back to the bank, so once Asda have taken a loan from the bank they would give you a certain time to pay it back. Asda often hire/lease property, machinery and vehicles (assets) for a short period of time with a fee cost. When Asda are hiring or leasing property they make good money for it. The people that buy these for leasing/hiring pay for them and use them but do not own them. This money goes towards Asda and would help them gain more profit the more they hire their property. Asda hire people to deliver their stuff to customers when they order online. They also hire staff in order to serve the customers and keep the place running smoothly. Conclusion Overall, in this piece of coursework I have described all of the sources that include internal and external. I have also spoken about the sources Asda would use.

Political Comedy In The Government Inspector

Political Comedy In The Government Inspector The Government Inspector was written by Gogol in 1835 during a time when government surveillance and censorship was at its height. Tsar Nicholas was in power and his fear of revolution forced a lot of writers at the time to limit what they intended to show and in some cases stop altogether in works they were producing. The play has since been interpreted in many different ways but Gogol tells us he simply hoped to collect into one heap everything à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ that was bad in Russia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and laugh at the whole lot in one go  [1]  . The outcome of the play is no doubt comical, but Gogol himself was very interested in politics and I do not think he set out to denounce the system completely but to pick fun at it, among other things in Russia. There are a lot of characters and events in the play which could be interpreted as having underlying meaning to them. It does appear therefore that Gogol was satirising the imperial bureaucracy of Russia by highlighting the corruption and deception that are so apparent in the story. Gogol employed the use of humour in the story for many possible reasons. One reason was to cloud the real message that he was trying to send out, so that he could get The Government Inspector past the censorship regulation that were put in place by tsar Nicholas and enforced by the third section. The fact that The Government Inspector was allowed to be preformed at the time, despite its apparent mockery of the political system and the hidden messages was surprising. It becomes clear throughout the play that Gogol is criticising more how people treated one another. The final tableau at the end is used to show the audience that the characters in the play resemble them, and that people needed to rethink thei r moral values. It seems that Gogol thinks that the corruption and deceit which occurs in the play is happening all around him in real life, as he tells us through the governor theres nobody who hasnt got some sin on his conscience.  [2]  I believe that Gogol chose to write a comedy but on serious issues, in order to shed some light on the wrongdoings, but also to entertain his audience. The protest that arose after its first night at the Alexandra Theatre in St Petersburg in 1835 was not welcomed by Gogol, who fled from the clamour and went to Rome  [3]  . There remains much debate on Gogols intentions in creating The Government Inspector, but nevertheless by making these serious issues and denunciations of the government comical it helped him get his play past the censors and onto the stage. The political humour is presented in many forms in The Government Inspector. Many of the characters in the play provide the audience with much comedy and not one is depicted as being without fault; indeed there does not seem to be a hero. Instead Gogol presents to us very corrupted town officials, vain, naÃÆ' ¯ve women and the deceitful Khlestakov who is mistaken as the government inspector sent to the country from St. Petersburg. This mistaken identity is particularly humorous, especially when the governor greets Khlestakov in the inn where he is staying following his bankruptcy as a result of gambling. We quickly gather that the governor has the most to fear from an inspector, for his corruption is deep and his neglect of the townspeople is often highlighted. Despite this Gogol tells us in his notes that he has come up on hard work from the lowers rank of the service,  [4]  and we can infer that he is not especially a bad man. In acquiring position and status, and perhaps se eing how other men have benefited from it before him, he has been spoiled by greed and luxury. Gogol, renowned for his realism, would have been speaking directly to his audience, criticising their behaviour and their apparent readiness to give into temptation. The governors sycophantic behaviour towards Khlestakov at their first meeting in the inn is comical, and made more so by Khlestakovs belief that he has come to arrest him for not paying his bills. The use of dramatic irony throughout the play is key to the effectiveness of the humour, but also the ridiculing of the audience, who are essentially laughing at their own ignorance and folly. The town officials are portrayed by Gogol as fraudulent simpletons, and the effortlessness in which Khlestakov is able to deceive them only highlights this. It can be inferred from this therefore that Gogol is suggesting that perhaps many officials were incompetent and interested only in bettering themselves like the governor. The character of the postmaster is one who is very obviously depicted as abusing his station, as it is revealed that he often opens and reads the mail as a form of entertainment. Like many of the others he accepts bribes but is characterised as being ingenuous to the point of naivetà ©.  [5]  This character may also be representing the current state of government censorship, as he is disregarding peoples privacy and human rights by reading their private correspondence. Interestingly, it is the postmaster who uncovers Khlestakovs real identity later in the play, as he reads a letter that Khlestakov has composed to a friend revealing the whole charade in mos t mocking and humiliating language. Khlestakov, although deceiving the townsfolk, is portrayed by Gogol in a much better light than the governor and his and web of associates, including his narcissistic wife and immature daughter. The governor, it is revealed, has ignored his responsibilities in the town, taking bribes from various people and therefore allowing all the wrongdoing to continue. It would seem that this disregard of equality and justice is more offensive to Gogol than Khlestakovs taking advantage of their foolishness. Indeed Khlestakov is presented more as an opportunist than a malevolent deceiver. This criticism directed at the failure of the people in higher ranks to look after those below them is initially hidden from the audiences immediate understanding by the use of comedy. In this way the comedy utilised in the play could be seen as serving as a smoke-screen, making it more light-hearted by protecting the real messages of corruption and inequality. It became apparent to me in my study of the play that Gogol was asking his audience to examine their own moral code by presenting them with such dishonest and shady people and events and mocking the intense bureaucracy of the Russian Government at the time of writing. I found the main message was to be introspective of yourself and re-evaluate your moral code, for the characters represent the people who hold the power to protect those below them in rank, but in their greed have become the ones who others need real protection from. Gogols derision of the Russian bureaucracy is made most obvious in Act five when the governor, upon realising that he has been duped by Khlestakov, asks the audience directly What are you laughing at? Youre laughing at yourselves!  [6]  Essentially The Government Inspector serves the audience as a warning about the future of humanity if the government and its officials continue to treat the people they are supposed to be helping with disregard and unfai rness. In addition, the epigraph of the play sums up Gogols ridiculing of the political structure in nineteenth-century Russia; If your face is crooked, dont blame the mirror.  [7]  He is saying to his audience that it is your responsibility to be a good person and to uphold your morals, and you can not blame anyone else when you are also taken advantage of and humiliated, like the governor and his other roguish associates are in the play. There are many examples in the play of Gogol using humour to criticise the contemporary political system. The title itself does not suggest a comedy because Gogol chiefly has a serious point to make, but he achieves the humour by creating ridiculous characters and placing them in laughable situations. It is made even more comical because the themes which are being displayed are so normal in human existence that many can relate it to their own experience. A good example of this is shown by the character of Anna, the governors wife. Gogol describes her in his notes as a provincial coquette and the audience sees her flirt outrageously with Khlestakov throughout the play, believing him to be a man of power and money. She is vain and uppity and these features provide the audience with much humour. For example in Act Four, after she allows Khlestakov to surround her with false flattery despite her being married, she declares to her daughter that she stands as the kind of example she ought to be following.  [8]  Her vanity and foolishness is also demonstrated in a humorous way when she believes her daughter is to be married to a high ranking government official; she tells her overwhelmed husband that she always knew she would be related to someone as great but he would not because he has have never seen decent people.  [9]  Clearly this statement holds a double-entendre, as Annas own statement encompasses herself, pointing out that neither her, nor any of the people in the governors company are decent people. The fierce satire of the Russian bureaucracy in the nineteenth century was a common theme for Gogol in his works, and The Government Inspector, interpreted by many in this genre, was only permitted to be staged thanks to the interference of Tsar Nicholas. Although realising that everybody caught it, most of all me,  [10]  he managed to observe the light-hearted nature of the play, supposing it to be harmless. It was original in its time of publication as there was no sole character who would wholly entice the sympathy of the audience, as they were all presented as individuals who were flawed by their own making. As a result of Gogols explicit criticism, the reactions following its performance were explosive despite the tsars approval. Many members of the audience, the majority of whom would themselves have been civil servants, were personally offended by the overt similarities between themselves and the visibly corrupt characters on stage. Gogol imposed upon himself a state of ex ile and fled to Rome in the late 1930s following the uproar caused by his play and the themes he chose to incorporate in it. In addition to the play being interpreted as a political comedy, The Government Inspector was seen as a piece of didactic literature, to ask the people to put an end to their own venality. This satirical approach towards the imperial bureaucracy can also be seen in many of Gogols other works, particularly in The Nose. In this story the protagonist Kovalyov wakes to find his Nose has assumed a life of its own; it refuses to be re-attached to Kovalyovs face because it now holds a higher rank than him. His vanity is highlighted throughout the play, and his greatest fear in losing his nice is that he might not be able to advance up the social spectrum. Indeed, In the outwardly crazy story lurks a serious idea: what matters is not the person but ones rank.  [11]  Again we can see evidence of an official most concerned in bettering his own position. The only character who Gogol describes without criticism is Ossip, Khlestakov servant, who we are told is cleverer than his him and therefore quicker on the uptake  [12]  than any of the other characters. He is the only serf in the play, yet he shows much more intellect than any of his superiors, and is the one who warns Khlestakov to leave before he is foiled. In his private life Gogol was similar to Dostoevsky in his beliefs in politics and religion and I do not think that he set out with the intention of denouncing the role of government. Clearly however the provincial town that is depicted in the play has been neglected by the powers from the city, and the corrupt officials have been allowed to take advantage of the people under their authority. This thought in particular peaks in scene Four, when the townspeople come to appeal to Khlestakov and tell him of the many offences the governor has committed, believing that he will be able to help them receive justice. Gogol was more concerned about the role of the individual, and the dumb tableau which appears at the end of the play, capturing the fear and surprise of the characters, helps to convey this message. Gogols instructions to hold the tableau for almost a minute and a half  [13]  would have forced the audience to really examine what was been shown to them, and then perhaps exami ne themselves in relation to it. The play therefore was intended more as a teaching tool, revealing the lack of spiritual guidance and morals in his characters than a complete mocking of politics. The use of comedy in the play was to make the performance more enjoyable for an audience and to avoid it seeming like a lecture or a sermon. In addition to this, the comedy allowed the play to advance past the censors in Tsar Nicholas reign. Gogol produced an exposer of grotesque in human nature  [14]  in The Government Inspector, and it was met by enthusiastic praise and virulent obloquy confirming his own literary vocation.  [15]   Word Count: 2, 231

African Americans and Healthcare :: Papers Health Insurance Medical Essays

African Americans and Healthcare African Americans face a multidimensional health care crisis that affects the young or old, rich or poor. Too many African Americans are uninsured or underinsured. The elderly cannot afford long-term health care leaving the family to care for them. Health care cost is constantly rising and are out of control, reform is the only way out. The growing number of uninsured and underinsured is on the rise. In 1979, 11 million African americans were uninsured (Jaffe 10). Today, the number is 15 million and it is increasing every year (Jaffe 11). According to the Department of Health and Human Services, thirteen million blacks in America have health care and fourteen million do not (Fitzgerald 31). Also, those who are insured today may be at risk tomorrow if their employer drops coverage, or the head of the household changes or loses their job. Most blacks in the United States who are uninsured simply cannot receive health care at an affordable price because their employer does not offer it and self-insurance cost much more. The lack of adequate insurance can be devastating to families both in financial terms and in terms of timely access to needed health care (Jaffe 12). Altogether, collection agencies report every year that most blacks are in debt due to unpaid medical bills, because they are not insured or they are underinsured. African American senior citizens face a health care crisis too. They have worked all of their lives to secure retirement, but their retirement has been threatened because of the rising cost of long-term medical care. Insurance companies have failed to provide affordable long-term care, protection that most senior citizens need. This lack of long term care and affordability has been a serious problem for the health care system. In some cities, the shortage of hospital beds is so serious that it is common for patients to stay in emergency rooms before they can be admitted to an inpatient room (Drake 109). More than one thousand hospital beds are occupied by people who could be better care for in nursing homes or through home health care (Drake 110). Of the disabled elderly 1.3 million reside in nursing homes (Drake 10). These patients are unable to perform two or more of the basic activities of daily living without assistance.

The Jungle by Upton Sinclaire :: Essays Papers

The Jungle by Upton Sinclaire We can only know things with an experience for them by some means or other. We all know what we do, and we do not know what will happen. Our educated guesses failing at times and being glorified for justification's sake later. The family in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle depicts just this by every fiber of their hard working being. The qualities above present a perfected formula for real freedom. The gaining of knowledge and the failing or success that will happen to us. We can plan all we want, but freedom comes only to those who plan the luckiest. Take Jurgis (pronounced Yergis) for example. The strongest of the strong men in the world. He could stop a locomotive and beat John Henry in a fistfight. And why is this? He is strong, and his spirit is unconquerable. He'll just work harder if you give him more work. And what a commodity for his employers! Ever to continue along the drooling style of action, ever in the opposition of mother nature, and ever driven by the idea that he will be supporting his beloved family. To live a life in the youth of the 1900's, and in America, was the dream of so many people. To escape their tyrannical lands, the places their forefathers called home, to live in a place where it was known that every man was free and able to do his own thing, so long as he didn't hurt another. Free will, and no one could stop him for doing it. It would seem that a hard worker could go real far. In this time period such hopes were wasted on capitalism. The shammy American dream struck all those who sought to take residence in its comforting nest, and then thrust them out like so many chicks to learn to fly on their own in a harsh and unforgiving world. No man, on any account of strength could survive and live this dream, unless he was dishonest. Jurgis was an honest man, and so was his family of Lithuanians. Working harder every day for the same scraps of so many men. The work came, and only because Jurgis could prove his strength. 'Job' was the only word he really knew when coming to the stockyards, and so it was his nervous energy that made him get a job. Any discussion of The

Bloomberg Company Outline

The company Bloomberg is a privately held financial software, news, and data company. Primarily, Bloomberg is about the access, report, analysis and distribution of the highest quality data, news and analytics, faster and more accurate than any other organization. According to Bloomberg’s official website, â€Å"In 1981 Bloomberg started out with one core belief: that bringing transparency to capital markets through access to information could increase capital flows, produce economic growth and jobs, and significantly reduce the cost of doing business.† The company has been a prodigious success due to its reliability and remarkable adaptation to the ever-changing marketplace, continuous innovation of products, and unparalleled dedication to customer service; which is also why influential decision-makers rely on the company’s reports. The BLOOMBERG PROFESSIONAL ® service is the core product of Bloomberg and it is the fastest-growing real-time financial informati on network in the world.Generally, Bloomberg provides its clients with a completely packaged Trading System solution that requires minimal hardware, software and support. From the previous enterprise-grade ASP model they had in 1981, today, Bloomberg provides Open Architecture for firms, enabling clients to fully power their systems whilst avoiding the hidden costs and responsibilities associated with infrastructure build-outs, data sourcing, continual tuning, version upgrades, and system maintenance.As an advantage, firms are no longer forced to recover hidden costs by undersizing environments that may lead to changes in trading performance. References LinkedIn Corporation. â€Å"Bloomberg. † Retrieved August 21, 2010 from http://www. linkedin. com/companies/bloomberg Blomberg Finance L. P. â€Å"Bloomberg Trading Systems† Retrieved August 21, 2010 from http://iimagazine. firstlightera. com/ERA/ResourceHandler. ashx? b1d8f3a7-9ed6-4944- 8172-642482129405;trading%20sys tems_london2. pdf

Neonatal Ethics Essay

In this paper, I have described all sides of neonatal ethics and have presented my view regarding the topic. I have also managed to integrate philosophical and historical perspectives regarding neonatal care and ethics. In the end, I have given my personal opinion concerning the solution of the issues at stake. The ethical debate regarding the proper care of severely unwell infants is one of the oldest debates in medical sciences. In the present times, approaches that are extremely unusual have been taken to decide about the care of such newborns. This is the reason why it is exceedingly important to analyze the ethical concepts and arguments about many issues concerning the neonatal medicine. Such ethical debates revolve around â€Å"the value of human life; the role of best interests; the deliberate ending of life; and the withholding and withdrawing of treatment† (Brazier). It is a known fact that mankind has been facing ethical concerns since the dawn of civilization. As far as clinical situations are concerned, physicians also face ethical questions on a regular basis regarding one case or the other. However, those involved in neonatal care face a lot of ethical controversies. It is not an untold secret that ethical and moral issues regarding the treatment of neonates have penetrated into a number of features of such cases (Pueschel). When the newborns are within the first 28 days of their lives, they are known as neonates. As far as neonatal intensive care units are concerned, they frequently accommodate and look after for babies who fall in any of the three categories i. e. babies born premature having birth weight that is very low, babies born after nine months (full-term babies) having severe conditions or babies born with inherited abnormalities (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). However tremendous changes have taken place in the modern times and it is now more than five decades that â€Å"neonatal medicine has been practiced to provide specialized and intensive care measures aimed at improving the health and survival of premature and critically ill newborns† (Carter). In the contemporary world, the ethical issues generally revolve around the decision making for the betterment of neonates. Such decisions entail the consideration and evaluation of treatment and assessing whether it would be helpful or ineffective for the wellbeing of the little individual. Thus both short-term and long-term scenarios related to the health of the child are considered while taking any certain decision. The two issues that are of main concern in the process of decision making are the likelihood to survive therapeutic/remedial involvement and the quality of life in the future. It is important here to mention the most renowned case of neonatal decision-making regarding Baby Doe. The child was born with Down’s syndrome and a tracheal-esophageal fistula in 1982. The parents opted for the hard choice and agreed to not repair the fistula with surgical intervention. They decided so because it was in the best interest of the child. They did not want their child to continue living a depended and quality-lacking life given by Down’s syndrome. In the end, starvation ultimately took Baby Doe’s life (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). When neonatal context is discussed, decision making in this regard is rather multifaceted and difficult. The parents of seriously ill neonates have to consult with the care providers and in most of the cases, have to make decisions concerning the newborns’ life-and-death treatment. It is too difficult to decide about the fate of a child who is being awaited for so long. At the same time as it is burdensome for parents to decide the outcome of their child’s life, parents are put in a difficult position to decide so with no clear decision-making process. As a consequence, parents are often given assistance by providers and make illogical, stress-laden and uninformed choices that are not based on systematic analysis but on intuition. As a matter of fact, majority of the opted methods do â€Å"correspond with what is in the best interests of their newborn† (Panicola 723). On the other hand, in few cases, the decisions made by parents result in non-treatment decisions for babies who must be given a chance for survival and treatment decisions for neonates who must not be given a chance to survive due to their extremely poor physical condition (Panicola 723). There may be mandatory, elective or ineffective treatment based on the neonatal cases’ unique aspects. However, the physicians and parents decide to continue with a particular kind of treatment after observing the prognosis of a newborn. If the prognosis looks good, they eventually decide for medical intervention necessary to keep the newborn alive. On the other hand, there are a number of cases where parents refuse to involve medical intercession for the treatment of their child. In such occasional circumstances, hospitals take the help of their ethicists for seeking a court order so that the decisions of the parents may be made ineffective and treatment can be initiated for the betterment of the newborn. The situation turns out to be more notorious when there is no adequate knowledge regarding the prognosis of a neonate and the parents are given the choice to discuss their options about the treatment with the physician (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). Thus, it is when bioethics comes into scene that deals with the limitations, commitments and responsibilities of all the people who are a major part of the decision-making progress. As a final point, there are also a number of cases when medical intervention is considered pointless and unsuccessful, nevertheless the doctors and parents insist to treat the newborn. In such circumstances, treatment is regarded as tremendously troublesome and tentative thereby pointing out that there are small chances of surviving treatment with quality of life in the least. As far as bioethics evaluation is concerned, it considers the patient rights, parental rights and physician duties and responsibilities (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). It is important to mention here that in the last four to five decades, there has been a momentous development in the technology, skills and medicinal/therapeutic interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). Also, technical capabilities have been improved drastically allowing more speedy and accurate diagnosis, efficient scrutiny and supervision and unambiguous treatment. Special-care nursery beds are now available in large numbers and the number of important people including the professionals and specialists has also increased for the successful treatment of God’s susceptible population (Carter). Although such a notable development in neonatal care has brought up stories of joy and miraculous recovery of the newborn, there have been depressing and painful stories where the newborns ended up with severe disabilities (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). As a consequence, bioethics can be helpful and facilitate both physicians and parents in solving issues related to the â€Å"regulation on use of experimental technological developments and by providing guidance in controversial situations† (â€Å"Bioethical Issues – Neonatal Ethics†). If the pages of the past are turned, it is rather obvious that the percentage of premature babies who managed to survive was very low. However, in the last three decades, the advancements in technologies and medical developments at the beginning of life have totally revolutionized the likability of babies’ survival that born before 28 weeks of gestation. In the current times, it has been recorded that in developed countries like United Kingdom, more than eighty percent pre-mature babies manage to survive and a good number of the little creatures even survive at gestation period of just twenty-three weeks. Such advancements and developments are rather exciting. However, at the same time, concerns have raised regarding the human and financial cost of such progressions in the care of neonates. According to the research, more or less twenty percent of the survivors who were born extremely premature have ninety-nine percent chances of having disabilities like cerebral palsy. A majority of such survivors are also likely to be challenged with academic and behavioral problems once they are in schools (Wyatt 1). Therefore, a lot of people are concerned whether attempts to save the life of such weak neonates is a sensible utilization of resources or not. Another contradiction in this regard is that even as huge investments are made for making it possible for a newborn to survive, the abortion of fetuses is also tolerated for social reasons. Thus, as far as ethical dilemmas are concerned, they are not only raised by the premature babies but also by babies who have grave complicated congenital malformations at the time of birth. These malformations may be in heart, nervous system, brain, lungs etc. Thus, the ethical concerns regarding neonatal care is that whether such babies must be treated or medical intervention be withheld? (Wyatt 1). As far as the historical perspective and philosophies regarding the issue of neonatal care is concerned, a number of different societies all over the world have considered newborn babies as being less valuable when compared with the adults. In Greek and Roman societies, infanticide i. e. the deliberate killings of newborns and the exposure of infants was a practice that was acknowledged commonly and practiced far and wide. As the mentioned societies characterized themselves for athleticism, power and strength so it was not a surprising thing that those people looked down on and hated babies who were weak, dependent and immature. Thus, an individual child was given importance on the basis of his likable future contributions to the society as a mature adult. Regrettably, no rules and regulations and laws were there that prohibited people from murdering the helpless and ill babies. Sorry to say, in some cases, even the newborn babies who were in good physical health did not have protection by social custom or lawful decrees. It is a bitter reality that killing of malformed babies was considered important for the maintenance of the quality of the civilians. Similar practices were also common in some parts of the Eastern world (Wyatt 1). As far as the secular perspective in this regard is concerned, a number of contemporary philosophers today have accepted the fact that unwanted babies were killed or allowed to die and it was not an abnormal practice in many of the societies in the historical times and societies. It is also claimed that even today people do not consider the murdering of unwanted babies as unethical and this is evident from the fact that prenatal diagnosis and abortion for fetal abnormality is now accepted by a lot of people and societies. Thus, this acceptance crystal clearly demonstrates that even the modern societies of today value the life of a child on his/her physical strength and healthiness and his/her prospected future contributions as an adult citizen for the society (Wyatt 2). Neonatal care raises a number of ethical issues including the deserving neonates who must be given prenatal and neonatal specialty care, the person/group responsible for paying for the care, whether neonatal intensive care costs are acceptable or not, the assurance and equitable distribution of the care, whether babies require intensive care or not, the burdensome consequences of neonatal intensive care, the decision-maker and on what basis decisions are made. These mentioned issues create dilemmas for the healthcare professionals as they obstruct the process of provision of neonatal intensive care. To some extent, these ethical issues concerning neonatal care throw light on the values of the healthcare professions, patients, parents and families. It is important to mention that that these issues are not to be ignores as the failure to acknowledge them may devalue the cultural influences that may shape up a society and human interactions. As already mentioned, neonatal medicinal advancements have provided more options to the physicians and parents. However, what must be done is still a complex decision for them as risks of deaths and disabilities have also increased. This ethical issue has been the factor of conflict between parents and doctors and in a number of cases; guidance was required through courts (Laurance 42). The research suggests that neonates must not be given medical aid and be allowed to breathe their last â€Å"when the struggle to save them results in â€Å"intolerable† suffering that outweighs the baby’s interest in continuing to live† (Laurance 42). As far as my opinion is concerned, I believe that it is the obligation of a doctor to preserve the life of a human being wherever and whenever possible. As far as neonates are concerned, these babies always have a chance to survive in the future and there have been cases when extremely premature babies were enabled to live a full life. One of the most encouraging aspects in this regard is that in the last decade, the rate of survival of exceedingly weak babies has more or less doubled. I strongly believe that the physicians and parents/guardians must not attempt to do anything that may put a stop to the continued existence of a little one simply for the reason that he/she won’t be a healthy and contributing adult in the future due to his unhealthy severe physical condition (Laurance 42). However, it is unfortunate that all the answers of the mentioned dilemmas are rather difficult as there is always a clash between values conflict and principles of morality. In addition to this, it is also not easy to agree upon a consistent situation where beneficence can be chosen over autonomy and vice versa. A majority of people hold on to both the sides of the conflict i. e. â€Å"the respect for persons principle and to the principle of beneficence† that helps them to decide about the particular actions that may result in the best consequences for the patient and the family. Unfortunately, there is no special recipe that may facilitate the involved people to decide about what is the best thing to do in situations when there is a conflict between these principles. This is also not fair to stick to one decision and disregard the other options. Thus, the best thing that can be done by a decision maker in the occurrence of such conflicts is to do a deep analysis of the situation in the most cautious manner and try to identify the values at risk and all people who may be affected by the outcomes of the decision. For sure, the patient’s interests must be the top priority before the interests of others involved (Macklin). To cut a long story short, it is better not to utilize the neonatal intensive care â€Å"when the death of the baby can only be postponed temporarily, at the price of severe suffering, or when survival is associated with severe disabilities and an intolerable life for the child and the family† (Orzalesi). This is because in some unique circumstances, the best alternative for the betterment of the child is to withhold or withdraw intensive treatment.

The Blindness of King Lear

In the classic Vincent Price horror film, THEATER OF BLOOD a demented Shakespearean actor murders critics who have savaged him in the past with a series of gruesome traps based on death scenes from Shakespeare’s work. At the film’s conclusion, a critic faces permanent blindness as punishment for being blind to the actor’s greatness in the same way King Lear was blind to his own folly and ego.When one reads the TRAGEDY OF KING LEAR, one can see that the curse of Lear is that he was blind to the full spectrum of the consequences of his actions. Lear had a single minded approach to how he defined his outlook of the world and such blindness lead to the deaths of his friends and family as well as the creation of a needless war with France.At the beginning of the play, Lear wishes to divide his throne amongst his three daughters. Lear opts to tie the division of his throne into the performance of his daughters in a speech delivery contest and this raises the ire of Cor delia, as she refuses to take part in such a contest. This results in Lear disowning her and that set into motion a chain of events where Cordelia marries the leader of France which provides France with the justification to invade Lear’s country to seize territory; these events would never had been possible without Lear’s narrow-minded paranoia governing his psyche and his actions.From this, it is evident that Lear’s â€Å"blindness† to his daughter’s feeling lead to the â€Å"blindness† in being able to see the consequences of his actions. Lear conducted himself in a manner that was impetuous and ego driven. His inability to understand that he was not being insulted or rejected by Cordelia, but rather Cordelia ( a character who is clearly  defined as having a strong moral core) was rejecting the notion that she should compete with her sisters for her father’s rewards.The irony to this is that because King Lear saw an enemy where an enemy did not exist, he fed the real enemy (France) with the justification it was loosely looking for in order to take an action against Lear.FOOLNo, he's a yeoman that has a gentleman to his son; for he's a mad yeoman that sees his son a gentleman before him.The character of the Fool often represents Lear’s subconscious, as it is the character of the fool that impresses upon Lear the importance of paying attention to what actually â€Å"is† and what truly exists in the world, as opposed to paying too much attention to what is merely his own personal perception of reality; a perception that is tailored by Lear’s desire for what he wishes to be true. That is, what exists and what one wishes to exist are two separate creatures.Conversely, this is not to infer that Lear is merely paranoid. There is great need to be wary of foreign invaders and influence. History has shown that the world has suffered my imperial expansions into sovereign territories and it would no t be outside of Lear’s proper reason to worry that a foreign power would wish to threaten the stability of his kingdom. It had not been without precedent that members of royalty’s own family conspired against them, so Lear’s response was not without merit. Lear’s problem, however, derived from the fact that he saw enemies where enemies did not exist (as was  the case with his daughter), took the advice of those who ultimately were not helpful to him (his close associates) and, essentially opted to ignore the advice of the person who had his best interests at heart: the Fool.FOOLHe's mad that trusts in the tameness of a wolf, a horse's health, a boy's love, or a whore's oath.With that statement, The Fool provides a cohesive logical center to the character of Lear, who has gone blindly adrift amidst his own conspiracy theory passions. It is ironic that the Fool truly is the wisest person in the cast of characters, yet is outwardly dubbed a fool, while tho se who should know better are in decisive or outright wrong.At certain points, Lear does at least initially make an attempt to take the advice of the Fool or at least give the Fool’s advice serious contemplation as evidenced in the following response to the Fool’s commentary:KING LEAR It shall be done; I will arraign them straight. Come, sit thou here, most learned justicer; Thou, sapient sir, sit here. Now, you she-foxes!At this point, it appears that Lear is leaving some of his blindness behind and has finally seen the truth. The Fool has made a wise-man of the king, as the king appears to finally understand the concept that a clear understanding of a real threat vs. a perceived threat is reached. Lear’s problem, however, is that he is always seeking third party  validation of his beliefs. He will prescribe to the Fool’s advice for a short time, but then will waiver and side with his associates who are more willing to tell him what he wants to hear. T his allows the Fool to become symbolic of a moral conscious. When the Fool appears and reappears throughout the play, it symbolizes Lear’s central, endemic problem: reason, logic and clarity of thought are inconsistent with Lear. As a leader, is judgment is not sound and prone to radical faltering.A great deal of the irony of the play derives from the fact that while Cordelia appears to be the instigator of the loss of Lear’s throne, it is actually she who is the one who seeks to restore Lear. Lear’s other daughters, Goneril and Regan, ultimately prove that their loyalties lie with the material aspects of the throne and their true natures surface when they start to squabble amongst themselves over the affections of Edmund. All of this provides a scenario that is more damaging to Lear’s self-preservation than he initially perceived. In other words, he never should have directed his venom towards Cordelia, but did so because of his perpetual blindness towar ds what actually is vs. what he perceives reality to be. In reality, the threats lie with the â€Å"good† daughters such as Goneril, as evidenced in the following dialogue where it is clear she shares little regard for the value of Lear’s life.GONERIL By day and night he wrongs me; every hour He flashes into one gross crime or other, That sets us all at odds: I'll not endure it: His knights grow riotous, and himself upbraids usOn every trifle. When he returns from hunting,I will not speak with him; say I am sick: If you come slack of former services, You shall do well; the fault of it I'll answerIn the following passage, a clearly unhinged King Lear tries to make sense of the disastrous situation that he finds himself in, all the result of the foolish wedge he drove between himself and his daughter(s) when he conceived of the ill-advised and ill-fated speech contest:KING LEAR No, no, no, no! Come, let's away to prison: We two alone will sing like birds i' the cage: Whe n thou dost ask me blessing, I'll kneel down, And ask of thee forgiveness: so we'll live, And pray, and sing, and tell old tales, and laugh At gilded butterflies, and hear poor rogues Talk of court news; and we'll talk with them too, Who loses and who wins; who's in, who's out; And take upon's the mystery of things, As if we were God’s spies: and we'll wear out, In a wall'd prison, packs and sects of great ones, That ebb and flow by the moon.Unfortunately, as much as he wishes it were possible, Lear can not correct the past. It has been said that all human beings develop their core, central beliefs revolving around the fact that their life experiences create their perception of the world.  In Lear’s situation, as a King and leader of a nation, he was never used to hearing the word â€Å"no† as those looking to remain in the favor of the king and avoid his wrath would simply not take up a position that the King would perceive as threatening. Hence, King Lear de veloped a predictable and thoroughly unhealthy cause and effect response to the word â€Å"no† to where any negative sentiment would result in retaliation to the (perceived) threat.Ultimately, Lear realizes his error when he loses his thrown, sees his family fall apart and then has to contend with internal soul searching in order to find some sort of moral lesson that could at least rationalize the entire experience within his own heart as having ultimately been worth a greater good. That greater good is, essentially, Lear realizing the error of his ways, but his realization does nothing to reverse the damage. In fact, the final result of all the conflict in the play yields the death of Cordelia, the only daughter who truly loved him.As such, Lear eventually must give up his blindness to what his emotions have created and see the world for what it truly is. Unfortunately for King Lear, these realizations come very late in the equation and his lessons are learned at a point th at is far beyond where a benevolent conclusion could have been reached. This is why the story of King Lear is called a tragedy.

Volumetric Flask Definition in Chemistry

Volumetric Flask Definition in Chemistry A volumetric flask is a type of laboratory glassware used to prepare solutions. A volumetric flask is a flat bottomed bulb with a elongated neck calibrated to hold a set volume at a mark on the neck. The flask may also be called a graduated flask or measuring flask because its mark specifies a precise volume measurement. The mark on the flask neck indicates the volume contained. When emptied, some portion of liquid may remain in the container, so the mark (unlike for a pipette) does not indicate the amount to be dispensed. It should be noted volumetric flasks are calibrated for a particular temperature (usually  20  Ã‚ °C), which is indicated on the label. Most volumetric flasks are either transparent glass or plastic, although some flasks are amber-colored for the preparation of light-sensitive solutions. The mouth of the flask may have either a joint to accommodate a stopper or a screw cap. Volumetric Flask Standards All volumetric flasks are not created equal! There are higher and lower precision flasks. A volumetric flask made to conform to a high standard is a Class A or Class 1 flask. Its tolerance, temperature, precision, and volume will be indicated on the glassware. A Class B flask does not conform to as high a standard and may not include all of this information. Class A flasks are used for analytical chemistry work, while Class B flasks are suitable for most educational and qualitative work.

The Titanic and Seaplanes essays

The Titanic and Seaplanes essays A seaplane and the Titanic are similar and different in many ways. On October 22, 1929, the first seaplane was constructed by Edward Armstrong. A seaplane is a small plane that can float on water. At 11:40 pm, on April 14, 1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg. Two and a half hours later, it sank. A seaplane and the Titanic can both transport people across a body of water. Seaplanes take off from lakes, and the Titanic set sail from a harbor in New England. The Titanic and a seaplane can both be luxurious. They both have well-padded seat with luxurious interior. On the Titanic they served high quality foods. They provided comfortable beds for the first class section. The Titanic and seaplanes can also be tremendously diverse from one another. For example, seaplanes travel faster that the Titanic did. Seaplanes can be convenient to many people. They are quick ways to get from state to state. On the other hand the Titanic was meant to get to New York, but not in record time. Another example, of their differences is that they are different sizes. A modern day seaplane is meant to hold a maximum of 14 passengers. The Titanic was huge, and was meant to carry a couple thousand people. The Titanic and modern seaplanes resemble each other in a few ways. They are also extremely diverse. Seaplanes are small and can transport people from place to place quickly. The Titanic was enormous and was meant for the passengers to have a luxurious trip. ...

HIV

HIV HIV And Its Effects 1 HIV And Its Effects Elizabeth Grundy Psychology 102 Dr Peggy Peach October 10, 2001 HIV And Its Effects 2 HIV AND Its Effects The effects HIV has on a person, symptoms, risks, history and prevention will be explained. HIV is on a rise among sexually active people. According to Packer (1998), HIV, the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a member of a family of viruses. The first member HTLV-I and related to STLV-I researchers believe they both have a common ancestor in Africa. (P.13).This will be explained in the following questions: 1. What are the symptoms of HIV? 2. What are the risks to getting HIV? 3. What is the history of HIV? 4. What is the treatment for HIV? This research paper on HIV will be focused on these four questions.1. What are the symptoms of HIV? According to Nash (1997), when a person infected with HIV has symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy (persistent, unexplained swell ing of the lymph nodes), but no opportunistic infections (illnesses that healthy immune systems fight off) or Kaposi's sarcoma, he is said to have AIDS-related complex (ARC).HIV Testing AD2The acronym ARC is not used as frequently as it was in the early years of the epidemic. AIDS is now thought of in term of a HIV continuum. It begins with HIV-positive diagnosis in a person who is not experiencing any symptoms. It continues to a symptomatic stage in which the person has opportunistic infections, HIV and Its Effects 3 andKaposi's sarcoma, or any of the conditions previously used to define Arc, and the HIV-positive continuum ends with full-blown AIDS diagnosis (p.22).2. What are the risks to getting HIV? According to Nash (1997) No one is safe if...

BELL Surname Meaning and Family History

BELL Surname Meaning and Family History The Bell surname may derive from the French bel, meaning fair , beautiful, or handsome. Since the derivation is descriptive, common ancestry cannot be assumed for all those bearing the surname. The name was sometimes taken from the sign of an inn or shop. The sign of a bell was frequently used - John at the Bell became John Bell. There is no particular country or province of origin, though the name was fairly prevalent in medieval Scotland and England. Bell is the 67th most popular surname in the United States and the 36th most common surname in Scotland. Mitchell is also popular in England, coming in as the 58th most common surname. Surname Origin:   Scottish, English Alternate Surname Spellings:   BELLE, BEALE, BEAL, BEALS, BEALES, BALE, BEEL, BIEHL, BALE, BEALL Where is the BELL Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, Bell is a fairly common surname in a number of English-speaking countries, including the United States (ranked 64th), England (60th), Australia (46th), Scotland (43rd), New Zealand (46th) and Canada (77th). Within the British Isles, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, the Bell last name is most common in the northern areas, including Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the North of England. Famous People with the Last Name BELL Alexander Graham Bell - Scottish-born American inventor; known for his patent for the telephoneGertrude Bell - British writer, archaeologist and political officer best known for helping to establish modern Iraq after World War I.Cool Papa Bell - Hall of Fame baseball pitcher who played in the  Negro National LeagueJohn Bell - U.S. Senator from Tennessee who ran for U.S. President on the  Constitutional Union ticket in 1860Glen Bell - American entrepreneur who founded Taco Bell Genealogy Resources for the Surname BELL 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Bell  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Bell  family crest or coat of arms for the Bell surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. The Bell  Surname DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Bell  surname are invited to participate in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Bell family origins around the world. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. BELL  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Bell  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - BELL  GenealogyExplore over 4  million results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Bell  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. BELL  Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Bell  surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - BELL  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Bell. GeneaNet - Bell RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Bell  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Bell  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Bell  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Business performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business performance - Essay Example An organization showing high performance succeeds in creating competitive advantage for the company and makes the owner and other interested body happy by generating value for them. In today’s competitive environment it is not important which professional discipline utilises the obtained information. The thing which is important is the mutual interaction between the information obtained from financial accounting, human resource management, marketing and logistics. Kral (2010) developed the thought of interdisciplinary approach. All these disciplines have their own models, conceptions and terminology to conduct the performance evaluation of the organization. In order to control and mange the operations of an organization effectively, performance management is most crucial tool used by the mangers. Performance management is needed to conduct over various functional disciplines. Interdisciplinary approach is the most appropriate technique to explore the performance of the busines s as a coherent whole (Halir, 2012). This study focuses on conducting a performance evaluation on Tesco by following the interdisciplinary approach. Tesco is one of the leading retailers in the world with more than 530000 colleagues (Tesco PLC. 2013a). They conduct their business both through stores and online services. Every week they serve millions of customers. In this study the performance will be evaluated on the basis of finance, its operations and service provided to the customers and corporate governance. For every organization financial performance plays an important role since it helps in generation of value. Moreover, since Tesco is a retailer and directly deals with customer so customer satisfaction and corporate governance also becomes important. Development Operational Performance The business of Tesco follows a multi channel approach by leveraging the online expertise and existing network of stores so that the shopping trip of the customers are made easier. Tesco clai ms to be the first retailer who in 1997 initiated grocery home shopping and has grown to be the most profitable and largest online grocery retailer in the world, with sales of over ?2 billion. In order to fulfil the high demands of the customers the in-store picking model is balanced by few specialised dotcom stores. The â€Å"Click and Collect service† is the most popular and important part of the multichannel offering done by Tesco, which allows the customers to shop whenever they desire and wherever they are. For general merchandise the organization has 1500 Click & Collect service points and more than 150 grocery drives in UK (Tesco PLC, 2013a). â€Å"Finest, Everyday Value, Chokablok and Technika† (Tesco PLC, 2013a) are some of their own-label range that has gained substantial importance in strategic area. Everyday Value and Finest are the largest food brands, each of which contributes about ?1 billion to the sales of UK in each year (Tesco PLC, 2013a). Innovation takes a very important place in developing strategies to satisfy the customers. They are multichannel retailers and not just grocery stores. They deals in variety of services starting from Tesco mobile to Tesco bank to many more services like video on demand. The company has further plans of implementing larger formats inside the store so that the store becomes appealing to the customers and they get attracted to it. But this drive for innovation has lead to criticism against Tesco over how they store the email address and passwords of the customers. The software architect Troy Hunt has pointed out flaws in the website of Tesco regarding usage of poor quality